According to Clavarino's equation, the thickness of a cylinder is equal to (where d = Inner diameter of cylinder, p = Internal pressure, and `mu` = Poisson's ratio. )

The strength of the un-riveted plate (P) per pitch length is equal to

A thin spherical shell of internal diameter d is subjected to an internal pressure p. If V is the storage capacity of shell, then its diameter will be

The ratio of driving tensions for flat belts, neglecting centrifugal tension, is (where T₁, and T₂
= Tensions on the tight and slack sides of belt respectively, `mu` =
Coefficient of friction, between the belt and pulley, and `theta` = Angle of
contact)

The efficiency of a riveted joint is equal to

The Wahl's stress factor (K) for springs is given by
(where C = spring index = Mean dia of spring (D)/Dia of wire(d))

In order to withstand resistance to wear, the best profile of gear is

According to maximum normal stress theory, the maximum normal stress in the shaft is