This question asks you to determine the main purpose served by the second paragraph of the passage in the context of the passage as a whole.
The best answer is D. The second paragraph is devoted to the author’s recommendations of certain actions, namely, the adoption of new regulations concerning the holding and selling of stock by institutional investors.
Choice A is not the correct answer. The author of the passage identifies a problem-short-term trading done by institutional shareholders-but does so in the first paragraph, not in the second.
Choice B is incorrect. In the second paragraph, the author recommends new regulations regarding shareholding by institutions. Although the author mentions some consequences of the suggested regulations, the author clearly views these consequences as desirable.
Choice C is not correct. The second paragraph contains suggestions about new ways to regulate shareholding by institutions. Although the author asserts that certain effects would result from the proposed regulations, these effects are not explained.