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Heat Radiation, Thermal Properties Of Matter, Dual Nature Of Matter

Total Questions : 247 | Page 1 of 25 pages
Question 1. A wire of length L0 is supplied heat to to raise its temperature by T. If γ is the coefficient of volume ex the wire and Y is the young's modulus of the wire then the energy density stored in the wire is
  1.    12γ2T2Y
  2.    13γ2T2Y3
  3.    118γ2T2Y
  4.    118 γ2T2Y
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option D. -> 118 γ2T2Y
:
D
Due to heating the length of the wire increases. Longitudinal strain is produced ΔLL=a×ΔT
Elastic potential energy per unit volume E=12×Stress×Strain=12×Y×(Strain)2
E=12×Y×(ΔLL)2=12×Y×a2×ΔT2orE=12×Y×(γ3)2×T2=118γ2YT2[Asγ=3aandΔT=T(given)]
Question 2. You can use a mercury thermometer to accurately infer whether mercury expands linearly with temperature
  1.    True
  2.    False
  3.    5℉
  4.    0
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> False
:
B
No! You cannot use the thermometer to verify the linear expansion of mercury. This is because the temperature scale itself is defined by making equal markings between 00 C and 1000 C, assuming that mercury expands linearly.
In fact, scientists have now established using statistical physics and other concepts that mercury does not expand exactly in a linear fashion.
Before all this, the only way to guess if a thermometer fluid is a good choice (i.e, expands linearly) was to observe which of them gave consistent results.
Question 3. A system X is neither in thermal equilibrium with Y, nor with Z. The systems Y and Z -
  1.    Must be in thermal equilibrium
  2.    Cannot be in thermal equilibrium
  3.    May be in thermal equilibrium
  4.    None of these
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> May be in thermal equilibrium
:
C
Let the temperatures of X, Y and Z be Tx, Ty and Tz, respectively.
Now,
Tx ≠ Ty,
and
Tx ≠ Tz.
This does not tell us anything about Ty and Tz, except that they are not equal to Tx.
So, Ty = Tz, and Ty ≠ Tz, both are possibilities!
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Question 4. Sodium has a work function of 2.28 eV. Let's say, I introduce a very strong external electric field, which is applying a force on the electrons outwards, thus giving them electrical potential energy of 1.5 eV each. What is the work function of the metal surface in such a case?
  1.    0.78 eV
  2.    1.5 eV
  3.    2.28 eV
  4.    0 eV
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> 2.28 eV
:
C
The work function is a characteristic of the metal surface - meaning, it does not depend on external factors, like temperature, external electric fields, etc. But in this example, since the electric field is already providing some energy to the electrons, won't the minimum energy needed to come out of the surface decrease now? Yes, true. Then where are we going wrong? Consider the following analogy.
I am really late for class and I am not even within the school. So I decide to climb the boundary wall closest to my class and make a runSodium Has A Work Function Of 2.28 EV. Let's Say, I Introduc....
To my disappointment, I find the wall to be 3 meters tall, while I stand at 1.5 meters only, and weigh 50 kgs. Since my potential energy on top of the wall would be approximately 50×10×3J=1500J(simple application of P.E = mgh), I would require 1500 J to get on top. I decide to pile a few bricks to a height of 1 meter and stand on top of the pile. Since I'm closer to the top, I will require only (50×10×2) J = 1000 J of energy to make it. Sure, it's easier for me to make the jump now, but - has the height of the wall changed because of the pile of bricks? NO. The wall is still 3 meters high. The pile of bricks is merely an aid (I still had to spend 500 J to get on top of the pile of bricks).
The work function is defined as the minimum energy an electron requires to overcome the binding potential in the absence of external help, like energy from a light source, external electric fields, thermal energy, etc. This is a characteristic feature of the metal surface and does not change, just like the 1500 J of energy required to climb the entire height of the wall in our analogy.
Question 5. The de-Broglie wavelength of a neutron at 27C is λ. What will be its wavelength at 927C
  1.    λ2
  2.    λ3
  3.    λ4
  4.    λ9
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option A. -> λ2
:
A
12mV2=32kT
mV=3mKT
λ=hp=hmV=h3mKT
λα=1T
λ1λ2=T2T1=273+927273+27=2
λ2=λ12=λ2.
Question 6. A particle of mass M at rest decays into two particles of masses m1 and m2, having non-zero velocities. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelengths of the particles, λ1λ2 is
  1.    m1m2
  2.    m2m1
  3.    1.0
  4.    √m2√m1
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> 1.0
:
C
By law of conservation of momentum
0=m1v1+m2v2m1v1=m2v2
- ve sign indicates that both he particles are moving in opposite direction. Now de-Broglie wavelengths
λ1=hm1v1 and λ2=hm2v2 ; λ1λ2=m2v2m1v1=1
Question 7. Which of these light sources will have a cylindrical wave front?
  1.    Point source
  2.    Infinite Line source
  3.    Plane source
  4.    Spherical source
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> Infinite Line source
:
B
A point source radiates energy equally in all direction
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
Same is true for a spherical source. Assuming it radiates energy equally in all directions
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
An infinite line source will radiate energy perpendicular to its surface in all direction. So the wave front will be…
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
Yup......Right again.
Cylindrical.
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
Plane source.
Which Of These Light Sources Will Have A Cylindrical Wave Fr...
Planar light source will have planar wave fronts.
So correct answer is infinite line source will have a cylindrical wave front.
Question 8. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a hydrogen atom moving with a thermal velocity of 3 km/s will be
  1.    1∘A
  2.    0.66∘A
  3.    6.6∘A
  4.    66∘A
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option B. -> 0.66∘A
:
B
By using λ=hmvrmsλ=6.6×10342×1.67×1027×3×103=0.66A
Question 9. An electron of mass me and a proton of mass mp are moving with the same speed. The ratio of their de-Brogile wave length (λeλp) is
  1.    981
  2.    11836
  3.    1836
  4.    1381
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> 1836
:
C
(λeλp)=hmeV×mpVh=mpme=1.67×10279.1×1031=1836
Question 10. The resistance of pure platinum increases linearly with temperature (over a small range). We can use this property to measure temperature of different bodies, relative to a scale.
If we scale the thermometer such that a resistance of 80 Ω denotes 0oC and 90 Ω denotes 100oC, what temperature will a resistance of 86 Ω denote?
  1.    400C
  2.    500C
  3.    600C
  4.    800C
 Discuss Question
Answer: Option C. -> 600C
:
C
A "linear” relation between two quantities, say, Q1and Q2, means the following
Q1=mQ2+c

where mand care constants. This follows from the fact that for a straight line on a plane, yand xare related as,
y=mx+c
m being the slope and c the y-intercept respectively.
In our case, this should be true between the temperatureandthe resistance at that temperature,
Rθ=αθ+β
for some constantsα& β.
Let's find out what these constants are from the information given. We can write
80Ω=α×0oC+β
β=80Ω

90Ω=α×100oC+β
α=9080100=0.1Ω/oC

Using these values, the temperature(θ)can be written as
86=0.1×θ+80
θ=60oC

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