This is the red shirt .... Red shirt has become particular so `the’ will be used before red.

The error in the given sentence is the use of the indefinite article "a" before the adjective "red" which is incorrect. The article "a" is used before a singular countable noun beginning with a consonant sound. Here, "red" is an adjective describing the noun "shirt," and not a noun itself. Hence, the correct article to use would be "the."

Corrected sentence: This is the red (1) / shirt (2) / which my wife presented me (3) / on my last birthday. (4) / No Error (5)

Explanation of grammar terms:

• Adjective: A word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. In the given sentence, "red" is an adjective that describes the noun "shirt."
• Indefinite Article: "A" and "an" are indefinite articles, used before a singular countable noun to indicate that the noun is not a particular one.
• Definite Article: "The" is a definite article, used before a singular or plural noun to indicate that the noun is a particular one.
• Formula:

The general rule for using articles is as follows:

• Use "a" or "an" before a singular countable noun beginning with a consonant or vowel sound, respectively, to indicate that the noun is not a particular one.
• Use "the" before a singular or plural noun to indicate that the noun is a particular one.

In this sentence, the correct use of article is "the" before "red" to indicate that the noun "shirt" is a particular one.