Answer: Option D
:
D
Biodiversity equilibrium means to maintain a balance between the variety and variability of life on Earth which gets influenced by deforestation. Deforestation is a major cause which leads to the change in soil properties. Fewer trees result in more soil erosion. Removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts. It is called desertification. It also leads to a decrease in the water-holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water from the soil surface into the ground is reduced. So, there are floods.